Author: alolmsted

Electromagnetic energy displaces 1-D, 2-D, or 3-D space.

As we’ve already covered, space consists of basic units of 1-D bidirectional energy that each consist of the same amount of total energy, but may move outward or inward relative to its system center to adjust 1-D energy density in order to maintain directional balance in the space that it currently occupies.  These basic 1-D units of energy are in constant random motion and distribution relative to each other, composing 1-D, 2-D, and 3-D space.

Photons and neutrinos compose 1-D electromagnetic energy systems that displace the 1-D energy of space.

As the 1-D electric component moves outward from system center to a lower energy level, it transfers some of its energy to 1-D space, which reacts by forming an opposing 1-D magnetic component to provide directional balance to the 1-D electric energy, and to maintain the directional balance of the 1-D energy of space.  In addition, the energy of 1-D space also forms a 1-D time energy at 180 degrees to its “sister” magnetic energy to provide directional balance to the formation of the 1-D magnetic energy.  The 1-D time energy immediately dissipates back into the random energy of space as it forms, allowing its “sister” magnetic energy to provide maximum directional balance to the 1-D electric energy.  When the 1-D magnetic energy has reached its maximum value – the inherent magnitude of a basic unit of energy of 1-D space – it can proceed no farther, and then transfers its newly acquired energy back to the 1-D electric energy which is now forced to return to its original high energy level while the 1-D magnetic energy returns to its original low energy level.  The process then repeats itself.

2-D and 3-D electromagnetic energy systems undergo similar interactions with 2-D and 3-D electric, magnetic, and time energy components.  However, there is an added dimension to 2-D and 3-D electromagnetic energy systems.  Because they are confined energy, composing standing waves of energy, they create energy gradients outward from system center.  For example, if a 2-D energy system possesses constant energy density throughout, then each radius level outward from system center would possess more and more total energy, resulting in an energy gradient.  If a 2-D energy system possesses the same amount of total energy at each radius level outward from system center, then it would possess the greatest energy density at system center and less and less energy density outward from system center, forming an energy gradient.  Finally, if the 2-D electric energy moves outward from system center toward a lower energy level (e.g., as in the case of electron structure), then its outward motion creates an additional energy gradient – a gradient due to motion relative to system center.  All the above 2-D energy gradients represent unidirectional energy, and must be directionally balanced to maintain the directional balance of the adjacent 2-D energy of space.

The inherent 2-D energy of space is composed of two types of energy:  potential energy, consisting of the energy within each 1-D bidirectional energy unit of space, and kinetic energy, consisting of the rate of motion of the basic 1-D bidirectional energy units of space relative to each other.  The degree of randomness of the motion and distribution of the basic 1-D bidirectional energy units relative to each other may also constitute or contribute to the kinetic energy of space?

The 2-D energy of space reacts to energy gradients formed by a 2-D electromagnetic energy system by forming a 2-D gravitational energy gradient inward toward system center.  It forms the 2-D gravitational energy gradient through a changing ratio of potential energy to kinetic energy of 2-D space inward toward the system center.  The ratio of potential energy to kinetic energy increases inward toward the center of gravity, so that there is a proportionally higher amount of potential energy of 2-D space nearer and nearer to the center of gravity.  Since there is less and less kinetic energy of 2-D space inward toward the center of gravity, the inherent energy of 2-D space is more lethargic nearer the center of gravity, and therefore forms 2-D magnetic energy and 2-D time energy at a slower rate compared to outward from the center of gravity where 2-D energy consists of a greater and greater proportion of kinetic energy.  This means that near the center of gravity (or near a body of mass), the rate of e-m interaction slows down, and correspondingly, the rate of time slows down.

 

 

 

All energy prefers to exist at its laziest possible energy level or energy state.  The laziest possible energy level may be where the energy is directionally balanced, where the energy exists in a position with the lowest amount of force or unidirectional energy acting on it, or where it exists in a structure that provides not only directional balance, but structural stability.

Energy by itself generally moves from a position of higher energy to a position of lower energy, or from a higher energy level to a lower energy level, or from a higher energy state to a lower energy state.

So the following are some gradients that energy follows in nature:

Order to disorder

Non-random to random

Hot to cold

Less directional balance to more directional balance

Higher dimensionality to lower dimensionality

Unidirectionality to entanglement

More density to less density

Weaker gravitational energy gradient to stronger gravitational energy gradient

Less stable structure to more stable structure

More work to less work

More pressure to less pressure

High energy level to low energy level

Energy to mass

Unidirectionality to annihilation (in the absence of directional balance)

It’s interesting to think about a large body of mass, such as a planet or a star.  The body of mass has a strong gravitational energy gradient, and the gradient moves from higher energy (greater kinetic energy) to lower energy (greater potential energy) inward toward the center of gravity – as expected.  For the sake of illustration, we’ll assume that the energy density is roughly the same throughout the body of mass.  However, there is less pressure away from the center of gravity and more pressure near the center of gravity – moving from lower energy to high energy level inward toward system center.  And the temperature will be lower away from the center of gravity and highest near the center of gravity, partly because of the higher pressure and partly because of the much smaller volume.  So temperature and pressure do not exist the the direction of laziest possible existence inward toward the body of mass.  Instead, their gradients move toward system center from a low energy level to a high energy level.

However, due to the gravitational gradient increasing its ratio of potential energy to the kinetic energy of space inward toward the body of mass and center of gravity, there will be more lethargic energy, and therefore a slower rate of electromagnetic (e-m) interaction, and a correspondingly slower rate of time.

So, the gravitational energy gradient moves from higher energy level to lower energy level inward toward a body of mass and center of gravity.  And as a result, the rate of e-m interaction decreases, and correspondingly, the rate of time decreases.

On the other hand, pressure and temperature move from lower energy level to higher energy level inward toward a body of mass due to decreasing volume within the gravitational energy gradient toward center of gravity, among other variables.

 

 

When unidirectional energy displaces space, it may do so by temporarily transferring some of its energy to the inherent energy of space.  This transfer of energy results in an imbalance to the energy of space that otherwise exists in a dynamic equilibrium.  The energy of space reacts to the newly acquired energy by forming an opposing energy perpendicular to the “intruding” unidirectional energy.

There are three dimensions of energy that will be discussed here.  It is easiest for unidirectional energy to displace the 1-D energy of space which offers the least resistance.  So unidirectional energy will displace 1-D energy of space, which then forms 1-D magnetic energy at a right angle to provide maximum directional balance.  When the unidirectional energy becomes too large for the energy of 1-D space to provide directional balance, then the unidirectional energy will displace 2-D space, causing the energy of space to react by forming 2-D magnetic energy to provide directional balance.  And when the unidirectional energy becomes even too large for the energy of 2-D space to provide directional balance, then it displaces the energy of 3-D space, causing the energy of 3-D space to react by forming 3-D magnetic energy to provide directional balance.

The above description illustrates the displacement order of space.   It does not address the roles of time energy and gravitational energy gradients in providing directional balance.  They will be covered later.

1-D displacement of space:    1-D electromagnetic energy, such as photons and neutrinos

2-D displacement of space:    2-D electromagnetic energy, such as electrons and positrons

3-D displacement of space:    3-D electromagnetic energy, such as protons and neutrons

 

To review, the energy of space is composed of 1-D bidirectional units of energy in constant, random motion and distribution relative to each other, creating a dynamic equilibrium.  The random motion and distribution of 1-D units of energy of space result in the formation of 2-D and 3-D space to create and maximize randomness.

However, when the energy of space becomes nonrandom, it forms unidirectional, or electric, energy.  The electric energy is composed of one dimension, just as the basic 1-D units of the energy of space.  The 1-D electric energy is unidirectional, so the energy of space reacts to provide directional balance by forming 1-D magnetic energy perpendicular to the 1-D electric energy to provide maximum directional balance.  However, the formation of 1-D magnetic energy by the energy of space creates an imbalance of space itself, and so a “sister” 1-D time energy forms with the 1-D magnetic energy.  Both are formed from the energy of space.

The 1-D time energy forms at 180 degrees to its “sister” 1-D magnetic energy to exert a minimal effect on it other than providing directional balance.  This allows the 1-D magnetic energy to provide maximum directional balance to the unidirectional 1-D electric energy.

Unlike 1-D magnetic energy, 1-D time energy dissipates back into the random energy of space as it forms.  This again minimizes its effect on its “sister” 1-D magnetic energy.

When 1-D unidirectional energy becomes too large for 1-D magnetic energy to provide adequate directional balance, then it transforms into 2-D “confined” energy, such as an electron or a positron.  The 2-D energy is then directionally balanced by the formation of 2-D magnetic energy along with 2-D time energy.  As in the case of 1-D time energy, 2-D time energy dissipates back into the random energy of space as it forms, resulting in system “spin.”

In addition to 2-D magnetic energy, a 2-D gravitational energy gradient also forms to provide directional balance to the 2-D electric energy system.  This is because the 2-D electric energy is confined and its structure results in 2-D energy density that may differ from that of the energy of space.   It also forms an energy gradient outward from system center due to different amounts of total energy per radius level outward from system center, where the 2-D energy density is the same throughout the 2-D energy system.  The energy of space forms a gravitational energy gradient to provide directional balance to the gradients of a body of mass outward from system center.  The energy of space produces a gravitational energy gradient through increasing the ratio of its potential energy to its kinetic energy inward toward the body of mass.

Note that it is not possible for a 1-D photon to have a gravitational energy gradient since it requires either 2-D or 3-D space to form since the gravitational gradient consists of a varying ration of potential energy to its kinetic energy, and this is not possible in 1-D space.

Protons and neutrons are examples of 3-D energy, and consist of constituent particles.  In this model, protons consist of three constituent particles:  a central e+ particle (positron) confined by two directionally opposing particles with alternating e-m directionality with every e-m interaction:  an e+-/e-+ particle and an e-+/e+- particle.  For reference, the e-+/e+- particle is a particle with alternating e-m directionality that is currently an electron and with the next e-m interaction will become a positron.

So, is there elementary energy that is actually 3-D?  Or are 3-D structures simply composed of components of 2-D energy?  If a 3-D energy system, such as a proton, possesses energy outward in three dimensions from system center, then it is likely that the energy of adjacent space would form a 3-D gravitational energy gradient to provide directional balance for the gradient formed by the 3-D energy of the proton outward from system center.

Atomic energy systems consist of 1-D, 2-D, and 3-D energy.  Entanglement plays a major role in the structure of atomic energy systems.  Entanglement provides directional balance between and among identical and non-identical energy components of the atomic energy system.  Gravitational energy gradients also play a major role in the make up of atomic energy systems.

Gravitational energy gradients can only occur in 2-D and 3-D space since it is formed by a ratio of the potential energy to kinetic energy of space inward toward system center.

The potential energy of space consists of its basic 1-D units of energy.  The kinetic energy of space consists of the rate of motion of its basic 1-D units of energy relative to each other.  As a result, a gravitational energy gradient cannot be formed in 1-D space. So 1-D energy is “massless.” It cannot be confined or directionally balanced by a gravitational energy gradient.  So is v = c somehow related to the lack of a gravitational energy gradient?  Is the path of a massless photon “traveling” at v = c  analogous to the center of gravity?

The degree of randomness or nonrandomness of motion and distribution of the basic 1-D units of energy of space may also contribute to the potential or kinetic energy of space, but this is beyond my scope of understanding (and certainly beyond my math abilities).

 

In this model, space is composed of two types of energy:  potential energy and kinetic energy.  These two types of energy are responsible for everything we see in our universe.

The basic components of the energy of space are 1-D bidirectional units of energy.  Each 1-D basic unit of energy consists of the same 1-D energy density and the same amount of total energy, and may move inward and outward from center to adjust its potential energy to its kinetic energy.  In other words, if a 1-D unit of energy possesses more kinetic energy at a given moment, the 1-D energy will have less potential energy and will move inward toward center as a result.  When the unit of 1-D energy has less kinetic energy at a given moment, the 1-D energy will have more potential energy, so will move outward from center.

The basic 1-D units of the energy of space are not electromagnetic energy, but rather governed by random motion and distribution relative to each other.  The basic components of the energy of space compose a dynamic equilibrium through this random motion and distribution.  The basic 1-D units of space move to provide greater directional balance to the overall energy system.  The greater the randomness, the greater the directional balance.

So what dictates the size of each 1-D bidirectional unit of the energy of space?  Believe me, I hesitate to go here, but for this brief moment, let’s imagine a “universe” filled with “nothing.”  So this is what gives “birth” to the inherent energy of space.  Now you may be thinking, this is where in the equation it says, “then a miracle happens.”  And who can blame you?  To be honest, I feel the same way, but I’m going there anyway.

If we can stretch our imaginations to think of “nothing” as perfectly nonrandom, then it would represent an extremely high energy level.  Everything in our universe moves toward greater entropy, or disorder, or randomness.    “Nothingness” would be the opposite.  It would be totally nonrandom.  It would have “nothing” to become random.  It would represent perfect order.

So if the perfect order of “nothingness” moved toward a lower energy level as you would expect, then it would break itself into enough components to achieve a degree of randomness.  Eventually, it would break itself into an optimum number of components with an optimum amount of energy to provide an optimum directional balance to the system.  This system, existing at its lowest possible energy level, would then be an energy system in a state of dynamic equilibrium.  So the degree of randomness required for optimum directional balance would govern the size of each 1-D unit of the energy of space.  Then, absolute nothingness has given birth to somethingness with optimal directional balance.

However, the “universe” as we know it does not maintain an optimal directional balance or perfect randomness.  Since its energy is random, there is always a probability that it will become nonrandom.  When the energy of space becomes nonrandom, it forms “unidirectional” energy or “electric” energy.  Then the adjacent directionally balanced energy of space acts to provide directional balance to the unidirectional or electric energy by forming magnetic energy perpendicular to the newly formed electric energy, resulting in electromagnetic energy.  This will be covered in future blogs (or can be viewed on entangledenergy.net).

 

 

 

 

This site consists of three websites that build on each other:  entangledenergy.net, entanglednucleons.net, and entangledstardust.net.

Entangledenergy.net is an introduction to hypothetical elementary energy systems, including the inherent energy of space, 1-D, 2-D, and 3-D electromagnetic energy, time energy, and gravitational energy gradients.  It also looks at how directional balance is provided to the various unidirectional, or electric, energy systems.  There are two basic types of unidirectional energy:  1)  energy in motion relative to system center, or point of origin, and 2)  energy not in motion relative to system center, or point of origin.  Examples of energy in motion relative to system center, or point of origin are 1-D electromagnetic energy of photons, and 2-D electromagnetic energy of electrons and positrons.  Examples of energy not in motion relative to system center are gravitational energy gradients.

Entanglenucleons.net covers an alternative model of the atomic nucleus that does not include neutrons.  In this nuclear “shell” model that mirrors the energy levels of the outer orbitals, nucleons may possess 1 X the mass of a proton, 2 X the mass of a proton, or 3 X the mass of a proton.  Most nucleons consist of 2 X the mass of a proton.  Depending on how nuclear orbitals are filled, and what size nucleons are filling each orbital, each orbital may or may not form a “separate” structure that acts as a single energy entity with a spin.  If the separate structure is a fermion, its spin will be a factor of 1/2.  If the separate structure is a boson, its spin will be a whole number.  The spin of the separate structure, if formed, contributes to the overall spin of the nucleus.  Some of the hypothetical data are presented in a Periodic Table format.

Entangledstardust.net speculates on the role of a changing gravitational energy gradient producing the charge field of elementary particles.  It also looks at the birth of elementary particles that proliferate to form stars, the basic structure of black holes, and sister universes oscillating between high and low energy levels.

The topics for these blogs will be sequential, addressing the various topics in the above three websites.

Hello, and thanks for stopping by to visit entangledenergy.net, a website designed to share ideas about hypothetical elementary energy systems. Many of the ideas presented here do not agree with widely accepted interpretations of experimental evidence. The purpose of this site is to share these ideas in hopes that they will spark ideas in others that lead to new discoveries and applications.

This website is one of three websites that build on each other. The second one is entanglednucleons.net and shares ideas about atomic structure, focusing on nuclear structure and behavior.  The third one is entangledstardust.net, and considers some ideas on how particles are born and begin their journey.